Multi‐proxy study of Holocene environmental change and human activity in the Central Apennine Mountains,Italy     

A. G. Brown  J. Hatton  K. A. Selby  M. J. Leng  N. Christie 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(1):71-82

This paper describes a multi‐proxy palaeoecological investigation undertaken in conjunction with an archaeological survey of the Upper Sangro Valley in the Abruzzo National Park, Central Italy. Despite being a biodiversity hotspot and regarded as a near‐pristine area, the pollen, spore and diatom data all show major changes in the vegetation extending to over 2000 m a.s.l. during the mid to late Holocene. Although there are changes in ecological composition earlier in the Holocene they are different in type and magnitude from the changes which began about 800 cal a BC. The pollen and diatom evidence do not correlate well with regional palaeoclimate data, or on‐site isotopic evidence, but do appear to be related to Samnite (later Iron Age) clearance and upland grazing associated with transhumance and later annexation (and centuriation) of the lower slopes by Roman surveyors. The greatest change in vegetation was during the period c. AD 500–600 and corresponds with the Byzantine–Gothic Wars, and Lombard–Carolingian settlement reorganization into nucleated hilltop settlements which managed upland grazing. This pattern of intensive land use at all altitudes persisted until the early 20th century and only changed following rural depopulation after World War II. These data illustrate how cultural factors had a profound effect on this mountainous region which, in this case, far outweighed the effects of climatic fluctuations which are known to have occurred from both this study area and the region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The last deglaciation in the Picos de Europa National Park (Cantabrian Mountains,northern Spain)     

Ana Moreno  Blas L. Valero‐Garcés  Montserrat Jiménez‐Sánchez  María José Domínguez‐Cuesta  M. Pilar Mata  Ana Navas  Penélope González‐Sampériz  Heather Stoll  Pedro Farias  Mario Morellón  J. Pablo Corella  Mayte Rico 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(7):1076-1091

A sedimentological and geochemical study of the Lago Enol sequence (Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain), together with detailed geomorphological mapping, provides a first record of glacier evolution and climate change over the last 40 ka in the Picos de Europa National Park. The Enol glacier retreated from its maximum extent prior to 40 ka BP as demonstrated by the onset of proglacial lacustrine sedimentation in two glaciated depressions: the Comella hollow to the north (before 40 ka BP) and the Lago Enol (before 38 ka BP). These results support previous evidence that the maximum extent of southern European glaciers occurred earlier than in northern Europe. Alternation of homogeneous and laminated proglacial sediments during the glacier retreat illustrate a dynamic glacial evolution during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (40–26 ka BP). A slight warming is detected at 26 ka ago with the change from proglacial sediments (in a lake located in contact to the glacier) to glaciolacustrine sedimentation (in a non‐contact or distal lake). Finally, the onset of organic‐rich sediments took place at 18 ka ago. This last transition occurred in two phases, similarly to the North Atlantic Last Termination, suggesting a link between North Atlantic Deep Water formation oscillations and palaeohydrological variability in the Cantabrian Mountains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Chemical and physical properties affecting strontium distribution coefficients of surficial-sediment samples at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho     

M. J. Liszewski  J. J. Rosentreter  K. E. Miller  R. C. Bartholomay 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):411-426

 The U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho State University, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study to determine strontium distribution coefficients (K_ds) of surficial sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Batch experiments using synthesized aqueous solutions were used to determine K_ds, which describe the distribution of a solute between the solution and solid phase, of 20 surficial-sediment samples from the INEEL. The K_ds for the 20 surficial-sediment samples ranged from 36 to 275 ml/g. Many properties of both the synthesized aqueous solutions and sediments used in the experiments also were determined. Solution properties determined were initial and equilibrium concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and strontium, pH and specific conductance, and initial concentrations of potassium and sodium. Sediment properties determined were grain-size distribution, bulk mineralogy, whole-rock major-oxide and strontium and barium concentrations, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. Solution and sediment properties were correlated with strontium K_ds of the 20 surficial sediments using Pearson correlation coefficients. Solution properties with the strongest correlations with strontium K_ds were equilibrium pH and equilibrium calcium concentration correlation coefficients, 0.6598 and –0.6518, respectively. Sediment properties with the strongest correlations with strontium K_ds were manganese oxide (MnO), BET surface area, and the >4.75-mm-grain-size fraction correlation coefficients, 0.7054, 0.7022, and –0.6660, respectively. Effects of solution properties on strontium K_ds were interpreted as being due to competition among similarly charged and sized cations in solution for strontium-sorption sites; effects of sediment properties on strontium K_ds were interpreted as being surface-area related. Multivariate analyses of these solution and sediment properties resulted in r² values of 0.8071 when all five properties were used and 0.8043 when three properties, equilibrium pH, MnO, and BET surface area, were used. Received: 30 November 1998 · Accepted: 16 February 1999  相似文献   

Plant stable isotope composition across habitat gradients in a semi‐arid savanna: implications for environmental reconstruction     

JACQUELINE CODRON  JULIA A. LEE‐THORP  MATT SPONHEIMER  DARYL CODRON 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(3):301-310

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新地震区划图地震构造区划分的原则和方法——以中国东部中强地震活动区为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高战武  陈国星  周本刚  周庆  雷清清 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(1):1-11

在新编全国地震区划图潜在震源区划分工作中,采用了三级划分的技术思路,即在地震统计区内先划分出地震构造区,以控制地震统计区内地震构造和地震活动的差异性,然后,在地震构造区内再进行潜在震源区划分。地震构造区划分是新编全国地震区划图潜在震源区划分工作中的一个关键环节。本文论述了地震构造区的定义、作用、划分原则和依据等。介绍了中国东部地区地震构造区划分方案,并以东北地震区和华南沿海地震带为例,对地震构造区划分方案进行了详细论述。  相似文献   

The role of the International Maritime Organization in reducing vessel threat to whales: Process,options, action and effectiveness     

Gregory K. Silber  Angelia S.M. Vanderlaan  Ana Tejedor Arceredillo  Lindy Johnson  Christopher T. Taggart  Moira W. Brown  Shannon Bettridge  Ricardo Sagarminaga 《Marine Policy》2012

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Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site： Kanas National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Feng Di  Zhaoping Yang  Xuling Liu  Jingrui Wu  Zhongguo Ma 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(1):59-65

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.  相似文献   

面向对象的极高海拔区水体及冰川信息提取——以珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区核心区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张继平  刘林山  张镱锂  聂勇  张学儒  张琴琴 《地球信息科学学报》2010,12(4):517-523

极高海拔地区多为河流发源、冰川发育地,由于地形起伏强烈,且野外考察验证工作困难,传统的遥感信息提取方法很难保证该地区水体及冰川的提取精度。本文基于ASTER影像,运用面向对象的图像信息自动分析方法,对珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区核心区的水体及冰川信息进行了提取研究。为保证信息提取的准确度,将数字高程模型(DEM)及其衍生数据(坡度、坡向),归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,及有助于区分水体、冰川与其他地物的相关指数(冰雪指数NDSII)及波段运算结果(b1-b3)、(b3/b4)等,分别作为一个波段叠加到原始图像中,使之成为对目标地物光谱特征的有益补充。并对不同类型的水体及冰川进行多级、多尺度分割,以满足其对分割尺度的不同要求。分割完成后,综合考虑目标地物的光谱特征、纹理特征、空间结构特征,根据各特征指数的直方图信息,设定合适的阈值,建立了各水体及冰川类型信息提取的知识规则,并结合实地调查对信息提取的精度进行验证,改进了ASTER遥感影像自动快速提取极高海拔区水体及冰川信息的实用模型。  相似文献   

Glacial change in the vicinity of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest), central high Himalayas since 1976     

NIE Yong  ZHANG Yili  LIU Linshan  ZHANG Jiping 《地理学报》2010,20(5):667-686

Glaciers are one of the most important land covers in alpine regions and especially sensitive to global climate change. Remote sensing has proved to be the best method of investigating the extent of glacial variations in remote mountainous areas. Using Landsat thematic mapping (TM) and multi-spectral-scanner (MSS) images from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve (QNNP), central high Himalayas for 1976, 1988 and 2006, we derived glacial extent for these three periods. A combination of object-oriented image interpretation methods, expert knowledge rules and field surveys were employed. Results showed that (1) the glacial area in 2006 was 2710.17 ± 0.011 km2 (about 7.41% of the whole study area), and located mainly to the south and between 4700 m to 6800 m above sea level; (2) from 1976 to 2006, glaciers reduced by 501.91 ± 0.035 km2 and glacial lakes expanded by 36.88 ± 0.035 km2; the rate of glacier retreat was higher in sub-basins on the southern slopes (16.79%) of the Himalayas than on the northern slopes (14.40%); most glaciers retreated, and mainly occurred at an elevation of 4700–6400 m, and the estimated upper limit of the retreat zone is between 6600 m and 6700 m; (3) increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the study period are the key factors driving retreat.  相似文献   

国家物资储备系统参与应急救灾探讨     

邹俊义  李威  杨子健 《国际地震动态》2009,(12):23-27

国家物资储备系统利用独特的仓储设施优势,积极参与抗震救灾工作,展现了参与应急救灾工作的优势,发挥了应对突发事件的重要功能,暴露了参与应急救灾工作中存在的一些问题。国家物资储备系统可以扬长避短发挥优势,从充分利用物资储备仓储设施、组建具有储备管理经验的应急救灾队伍、开展应急救灾物资储备、发挥物资储备物流体系优势等方面,开展应急救灾工作。  相似文献